教程 rust tutorial

结构体 Structs

结构体(Structs)允许你创建包含多个字段的复杂数据类型,是 Rust 组织数据的基础。

定义结构体

使用 struct 关键字定义:

rust
struct User {
    username: String,
    email: String,
    active: bool,
    sign_in_count: u64,
}

创建实例

rust
fn main() {
    let user1 = User {
        username: String::from("alice"),
        email: String::from("[email protected]"),
        active: true,
        sign_in_count: 1,
    };
    println!("用户名: {}", user1.username);
}

更新结构体实例

使用结构体更新语法:

rust
let user2 = User {
    email: String::from("[email protected]"),
    ..user1
};

元组结构体

没有字段名的结构体,类似元组:

rust
struct Color(i32, i32, i32);

let black = Color(0, 0, 0);

单元结构体

没有字段的结构体,用于实现特征(trait):

rust
struct AlwaysEqual;

Rust Playground
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struct User {
    username: String,
    email: String,
    active: bool,
    sign_in_count: u64,
}

fn main() { let user1 = User { username: String::from("alice"), email: String::from("[email protected]"), active: true, sign_in_count: 1, }; println!("用户名: {}", user1.username);

let user2 = User {
    email: String::from("[email protected]"),
    ..user1
};

}